What is a common feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that the nurse should be aware of?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. One of the primary features of ALS is muscle wasting, also known as muscle atrophy, which occurs as a result of the motor neurons no longer providing the necessary stimulation to the muscles. Without this innervation, muscles weaken and shrink over time.

Additionally, spasticity can occur as the disease progresses. The loss of upper motor neuron function leads to increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, resulting in stiffness and spasms. Together, muscle wasting and spasticity are hallmark signs of the disease that the nurse should recognize, as they are critical for understanding the patient's condition and care requirements.

In contrast, rapid weight gain is not typical in ALS, as patients often experience weight loss due to difficulties in swallowing and reduced physical activity. Frequent seizures are also not characteristic of ALS; while some patients may experience other neurological symptoms, seizures are not commonly associated with this condition. Likewise, decreased blood pressure is not a hallmark of ALS, as the disease primarily affects motor function rather than influencing cardiovascular control directly. Understanding the specific symptoms associated with ALS is crucial for managing the condition effectively and providing appropriate support